Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The infection causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs (alveoli), which can fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe and leading to coughing, chest pain and difficulty breathing.
Symptoms of pneumonia can include:
SYMPTOMS
- Cough: This may produce phlegm (sputum) that is green, yellow, or rusty-coloured.
- Shortness of breath: This can range from mild to severe, and it may be worse when you are lying down.
- Chest pain: This can be sharp or dull, and it may be worse when you breathe deeply or cough.
- Fever: This is a common symptom of pneumonia, and it can be accompanied by sweating and chills.
- Fatigue: Pneumonia can cause weakness and fatigue, making it difficult to do everyday activities.
- Nausea and vomiting: These symptoms can be caused by chest pain or difficulty breathing.
- Headache: Pneumonia can cause headaches as well.
Symptoms can vary depending on the type of pneumonia, as well as patient age, overall health and the cause of the infection. The elderly, young children and people with underlying health conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), heart failure, diabetes, and compromised immune systems are more susceptible to severe pneumonia.
Treatment for pneumonia typically involves antibiotics to fight the infection, as well as supportive care to help manage the symptoms and prevent complications. Supportive care may include rest, fluids, and over-the-counter medications to reduce fever and relieve pain. In severe cases, hospitalisation may be necessary for intravenous antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and other treatments.