Diabetes is a chronic condition in which the body is unable to properly use and store glucose (a type of sugar). Glucose is the body’s main source of fuel and comes from the food we eat. Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, helps the body use glucose for energy.
There are two main types of diabetes:
Type 1 Diabetes
Also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a condition in which the body does not produce insulin.
People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin injections to survive.
Type 2 Diabetes
Also known as adult-onset diabetes or non-insulin dependent diabetes, is a condition in which the body does not produce enough insulin or does not properly use the insulin it produces.
This is the most common type of diabetes and can often be managed through lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise.
Some common symptoms of diabetes include:
SYMPTOMS
- Increased thirst and urination: The body tries to get rid of excess glucose through urine, which can lead to dehydration.
- Fatigue: The body is not able to use glucose for energy, which can lead to fatigue.
- Blurred vision: High levels of glucose in the blood can cause damage to the blood vessels in the eye, leading to blurred vision.
- Slow healing of cuts and wounds: High levels of glucose in the blood can affect the body’s ability to heal.
- Tingling or numbness in the hands and feet: This can be a symptom of diabetic neuropathy, a complication of diabetes that affects the nerves.
Diabetes is a serious condition that can lead to a number of complications if not properly managed. These include:
- Heart disease and stroke: Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease.
- Kidney damage: Diabetes can damage the kidneys and lead to kidney failure.
- Nerve damage: Diabetes can cause damage to the nerves, which can lead to numbness, tingling, and pain in the hands and feet.
- Foot damage: Diabetes can cause damage to the feet, which can lead to amputation.
- Eye damage: Diabetes can cause damage to the eyes, which can lead to blindness.
Treatment of diabetes typically involves a combination of lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet, regular physical activity and medication. In type 1 diabetes treatment typically involve insulin therapy and type 2 diabetes treatment may involve oral medication, insulin or a combination of both. Regular check-ups and monitoring of blood sugar levels are also important in managing diabetes and preventing complications.
Prevention of type 2 diabetes include maintaining a healthy weight, regular physical activity and eating a healthy diet.