Tag: immune
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Inflammation Pathophysiology
Inflammation is a natural, protective response of the body to harmful stimuli, such as infections, injuries and irritants. It involves a complex cascade of events involving various immune cells, chemical messengers and blood components. While inflammation plays a vital role in healing and tissue repair, it can also contribute to the development of chronic diseases…
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Allergic Reaction Pathophysiology
An allergic reaction is an exaggerated immune response to a harmless substance, known as an allergen. Common allergens include pollen, dust mites, food and insect stings. When exposed to an allergen, the immune system mistakenly identifies it as a threat, triggering a cascade of inflammatory responses that lead to various symptoms. Pathophysiology 1. Initial Sensitisation…
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Anaphylaxis Pathophysiology
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can develop rapidly. It occurs when the immune system overreacts to an allergen, triggering a cascade of inflammatory responses. Symptoms can include difficulty breathing, swelling, hives and shock. Prompt administration of adrenaline is crucial for managing anaphylaxis. Pathophysiology 1. IgE-Mediated Response 2. Mast Cell Degranulation 3.…
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Septic Shock
Septic shock is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of sepsis, a severe systemic infection. It occurs when the body’s immune response to an infection triggers a cascade of changes that can lead to dangerously low blood pressure, organ failure, and death. Septic shock occurs when an infection triggers a massive immune response, leading to…
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Anaphylaxis
Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs when the body’s immune system overreacts to a substance (allergen) that a person is allergic to. It can occur suddenly and can progress rapidly, requiring immediate medical attention. During anaphylaxis, the body releases chemicals, including histamine, which can cause symptoms such as: SYMPTOMS Anaphylaxis…
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Sepsis
Sepsis is a serious and potentially life-threatening medical condition that occurs when the body’s response to an infection triggers inflammation throughout the body. This response can lead to damage to multiple organ systems and can be fatal if not treated promptly. Sepsis occurs when an infection, such as a bacterial or viral infection, triggers an…
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Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The infection causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs (alveoli), which can fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe and leading to coughing, chest pain and difficulty breathing. Symptoms…
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Type 1 vs Type 2 Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic condition in which the body’s immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Without enough insulin, the body is unable to properly use and store glucose (a type of sugar), which is the body’s…