Septic shock is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication of sepsis, a severe systemic infection. It occurs when the body’s immune response to an infection triggers a cascade of changes that can lead to dangerously low blood pressure, organ failure, and death.
Septic shock occurs when an infection triggers a massive immune response, leading to inflammation and the release of certain chemicals that can cause blood vessels to dilate and become leaky. This leads to a decrease in blood pressure, which reduces blood flow to vital organs, such as the heart, brain, lungs, and kidneys. As a result, these organs may not receive enough oxygen and nutrients to function properly, which can lead to organ failure.
Symptoms of septic shock can include:
SYMPTOMS
- Low blood pressure: This can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting.
- Rapid heart rate: This can be a sign that the heart is trying to compensate for low blood pressure.
- Rapid breathing: This can be a sign that the body is trying to get more oxygen to the organs.
- Confusion or disorientation: This can be caused by lack of oxygen to the brain.
- Nausea or vomiting: These symptoms can be caused by low blood pressure or organ failure.
- Diarrhea: This can be caused by changes in the gut as a result of sepsis.
- Fatigue or weakness: These symptoms can be caused by lack of oxygen to the muscles and organs.
- Low urine output: This can be a sign of kidney failure.
- Cold, clammy, or pale skin: This can be caused by poor blood flow.
Septic shock is considered a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. Treatment typically includes antibiotics to fight the underlying infection, as well as supportive care to help manage symptoms and prevent complications. Supportive care may include fluid replacement, oxygen therapy, and medications to support blood pressure and organ function. Intensive care may be needed in severe cases.
The earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the outcomes. Even with the best care, septic shock can be fatal, particularly in patients who have underlying health conditions or are elderly.