Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
CO = SV x HR
Cardiac Output is a measure of the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. It is calculated by multiplying the stroke volume (the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat) by the heart rate (the number of beats per minute). Cardiac output is an important indicator of the overall function of the heart and circulatory system, and it is used to assess cardiovascular health and diagnose heart conditions.
Stroke Volume
Stroke Volume is the amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat. It is a measure of the volume of blood that is ejected from the left ventricle of the heart with each contraction. Stroke volume is an important component of cardiac output, which is the total amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute. The stroke volume can be influenced by several factors, including preload (the amount of blood filling the heart before contraction), afterload (the resistance to blood flow during ejection), and contractility (the strength of heart muscle contraction). Abnormalities in any of these factors can affect stroke volume and thus cardiac output.
Heart Rate
Heart rate is the number of times the heart beats in one minute. It is expressed in beats per minute (bpm) and is a measure of the speed of the heartbeat. The heart rate is regulated by the electrical impulses generated by the sinoatrial (SA) node, which is the natural pacemaker of the heart. The heart rate can be influenced by several factors, including physical activity, stress, medication, and underlying health conditions. A normal heart rate for adults at rest is usually between 60 and 100 bpm, although this can vary depending on age, fitness level, and other factors. An abnormal heart rate, such as a very fast or very slow heartbeat, can indicate an underlying health problem.